2. Health and Diseases
1. Distinguish between- Infectious and non -infectious diseases.
|
Infectious
diseases |
non infectious
diseases |
|
1. The diseases which can be transmitted from
one patient to other person are called infectious diseases. |
1. The diseases which cannot be transmitted
from one patient to other person, are called non-infectious diseases. |
|
2. Contaminated air, water, food or carrier!
vector animals or insects spread the infectious diseases. |
2. Non-infectious diseases are not
transmitted through any medium. |
|
3. infectious diseases are acute diseases as
they are suddenly caused due to infections from either bacteria, virus or
protozoan. Thus, their symptoms are seen sooner. |
3. Some non-infectious diseases are due to
hereditary causes, some are due to
deficiency of the nutrients. Their symptoms are not seen suddenly but are
developed gradually. |
|
4. They are classified as communicable disease. |
4.They
are classified as non -communicable disease. |
|
5. eg: diarrhoea, cholera, tuberculosis |
5.eg: diabetes, hypertension, cancer |
2. Identify the
odd term.
a. Malaria, hepatitis, elephantiasis,
dengue.
Ans: Hepatitis (All other diseases are caused by the carrier
mosquito.)
b. Plague, AIDS, cholera, T.B.
Ans: AIDS [All others are bacterial (caused by bacteria)
diseases.]
3. Answer in one to two
sentences.
a.
Which are various media of spreading the infectious diseases?
Ans: Infectious diseases spread through contaminated air, water,
food, vectors such as insects, animals and man.
b. Give the names of five non-infectious
diseases other than given in the lesson.
Ans: Asthma, cataract, diseases of kidney such as kidney stones
and renal failure, arthritis, Alzheimer which is a condition during old age,
hypertension, migraine, etc.
c. Which are the main reasons of diabetes
and heart diseases?
Aans: Improper lifestyle, wrong type of diet, lack of exercise,
excessive mental stress and strain, imbalance in secretion of hormones, etc.
are the main reasons for diabetes and heart diseases.
4. What can be achieved / can
be prevented?
a. Drinking boiled and filtered water
Ans:
1. When water is boiled, all the disease
causing pathogens present in it are killed.
2. Different
diseases like cholera, enteritis, diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis, typhoid are
caused by such water-borne pathogens.
3. If we
boil the water we are protected against all such diseases.
4. If
the water is filtered we can avoid infections from
nematode By boiling and filtering water, even the
epidemics by such infectious diseases can be controlled.
b. Avoiding smoking and alcoholism.
Ans: .
1 Smoking and alcoholism are two dangerous habits that cause
addictions. Alcoholism causes disorders of liver.
2. The addict suffers from malnourishment.
3. His I mental and psychological
conditions become abnormal. There is social and familial) impacts too due to
alcoholism .
4. Smoking
is an invitation for cancer. In cigarettes/ bidis, there is hazardous nicotine.
Nicotine is not only toxic but is also carcinogenic. Cancers of oral cavity,
tongue, respiratory tract, lungs is very common among smokers. Therefore,
addictions like smoking and alcoholism should always be avoided.
c. Regular balanced diet and exercise.
1. Regular
and balanced diet results into perfect health. The disease fighting power or
immunity of a person is increased due to healthy diet.
2. One can avoid of frequent infections and also
mental well¬being is established.
3. Heart disease, diabetes, obesity, etc. can be
avoided by not consuming high caloric junk food.
4. Exercise improves blood circulation. Many
disorders which are caused by faulty lifestyle can be prevented by having
regular balanced diet and exercise, thus one must always follow these for
well-being.
d. Proper checking of blood before blood
donation.
1. There
are definite blood groups.
2. During blood transfusion, the donor’s and
recipient’s blood should be well-matched with each other. Otherwise, blood gets
clumped inside the body of recipient.
3. Through infected blood, the viruses such as
those causing hepatitis B or AIDS are transmitted to other healthy persons.
Thus, for prevention of transmission of such diseases, blood should be checked
before blood donation.
5. Read the passage and answer
the questions.
Master ‘X’ is a 3 year old child. He is
living with his family in a slum. Public toilet is present near his house. His
father is drunkard. His mother does not know the importance of balanced diet.
a.
Master ‘X’ can suffer from which different possible diseases in above
conditions?
Ans: Since, the house of
master X is near the toilet and he lives in a slum area, the chances are that
there is less cleaniliness in that area. There are chances that he may suffer
from diseases like salmonellosis, shigellosis, diarrhoea, trachoma,
gastroenteritis, giardiasis, tapeworm infection and threadworm infection.
b. How will you help him and his family in
this situation?
Ans: In this case, the family needs to be made aware about
cleanliness in and around their houses. There is a need to explain them the
importance of balanced diet for them and their child. Since, the father is a
drukyard, he needs counselling and treatment to get rid of the habit of
alcoholism.
c.
Which disease can occur to the father of master ‘X’?
Ans: The father of master X is a
drunkyard which means he might suffer from diseases such as heart diseases,
liver cirrhosis, ulcers and gastrointestinal ptoblems, brain damage etc.
6. Give the preventive measures
of following diseases.
a. Dengue.
Ans : Dengue is a mosquito borne disease which is transmitted
by Aedes mosquitoes which grow in clean and stagnant water.
The breeding of this mosquito can be prevented by adopting the following steps:
1 larvae-eating fishes should be
introduced in ponds
2 collection and storage of water
should always be done in closed vessels
3 potted plants should have proper
drainage to avoid collection of water
in the
pots
4 pesticides should be used against
mosquitoes as and when required
b.
Cancer.
Ans: Preventive measures for cancer:
1.have a healthy diet
2.exercise regularly
3. alcohol and avoid Tobacco, gutkha, cigarette, bidi, etc
4.go for regular health checkups
c.
AIDS.
Ans: Preventive
measures for AIDS are:
1.avoid sexual contact with unknown
persons
2.screening of blood before transfusion
3.avoid sharing of needles, syringe ,
toothbrush and razor of other person.
4. Awareness
about AIDS and HIV is the real preventive measure.
7. Explain the importance.
a.
Balanced diet.
Ans: The diet that contains all the nutrients in the balanced
proportion is called balanced diet. One can avoid malnutrition by taking
balanced diet. The immunity increases due to balanced diet containing good
proportion of vitamins and minerals. Some diseases can be avoided due to raised
immunity. Wrong lifestyle and wrong diet can cause hypertension, diabetes or
heart disease. To maintain our health and keep the body in equilibrium, we have
to take balanced diet.
b. Physical exercise / Yogasanas
Importance of exercise and yogasanas are:
1.reduces the risk of heart attack
2.helps in managing weight better
3.helps in maintaining blood
cholesterol level
4.lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes
and some cancers
5.helps in maintaining the blood
pressure levels
6.helps in attaining stronger bones,
muscles and joints and lowers the risk of osteoporosis
7.boosts the energy levels, makes you
feel relaxed
8. Make a list.
a. Viral diseases.
Ans : AIDS, Hepatitis, Influenza, Rabies, Polio.
b. Bacterial diseases.
Ans: Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Cholera, Leprosy.
c. Diseases spread through insects.
Ans: Malaria, Dengue, Elephantiasis.
d.
Hereditary diseases.
Ans: Diabetes, Haemophilia, Muscular dystrophy,
Colourblindness.
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9. Write the information on modern diagnostics and treatments
of cancer.
Ans : Following methods are used as diagnostic methods to detect
the cancer. Techniques like CT scan, MRI scan, mammography, biopsy.
Cancer is treated using 3
major approaches depending on the type of cancer. These 3 approaches are-
surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
10. Enlist the names and
composition of the medicines present at your home.
|
Name of medicine |
Composition of medicine |
|
Aciloc
150 |
Ranitidine 150mg |
|
Razo 20 |
Rabeparazole 20 mg |
|
Dolo650 |
Paracetomol 650
mg |
|
Sprolac
DS |
Lactobcillus 120 million spore |
|
Solvin
cold |
Chlorpheniramine
Maleate 2mg Paracetomol 500
mg Phenylephrine 10
mg |
|
O2 |
Ofloxacine 200 mg Ornidazole 500 mg |