1 Living World and Classification of Microbes.
1. Use Whittaker method to classify bacteria,
protozoa, fungi,
prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes.
Ans: The characterstics are as follows
Kingdom Monera:
1. All the organisms are unicellular.
2. They may be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
3. These are prokaryotic cells without distinct
nucleus or cell organelles
4. Presence or absence of a cell wall.
5.Absence of
multicellular body designs; all are unicellular
Kingdom Protista :
1 Protista are single celled organisms
with well defined nucleus
enclosed in a
nuclear membrane.
2 .They have pseudopodia or hair like
cilia or whip like flagella
for locomotion.
3. Autotrophs- eg. Euglena, Volvox contain
chloroplast.
Heterotrophs- eg. Amoeba, Paramoecium
Kingdom Fungi:
1. These are non-green, eukaryotic,
heterotrophic organisms.
2. Most of them are saprotrophs. They
feed upon decaying organic matter.
3. Their cell wall is made up of tough
and complex sugar called ‘Chitin’.
4. Some fungi are thread like and many
nuclei are present in
the cytoplasm.
5. Examples- Baker’s yeast, Aspergillus
(Fungus on corn),
Penicillium, Mushrooms.
Kingdom Plantae :
1.They are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms.
2. Cell wall is made up of cellulose and not chitin unlike that of
fungi.
3. Most plant cells contain chlorophyll pigments. Hence, they are
autotrophic.
4They are non-motile.
Kingdom Animalia :
1.They are multicellular eukaryotes.
2. Cell wall is absent
in them.
3.Chloroplast is absent
in animal cells. Hence, they have
a
heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
2. Complete the five kingdom method of classification using- living
organism,prokaryotes, eukaryotes, multicellular, unicellular, protista , animals,
plants, fungi.
2.Find out my partner.
|
A |
B |
|
Fungi
|
Chlorella |
|
Protozoa |
Bacteriophage |
|
Virus |
Candida |
|
Alage |
Amoeba |
|
Bacteria |
Prokaryotic |
Ans
:
|
A |
B |
|
Fungi |
Candida |
|
Protozoa |
Amoeba |
|
Virus |
Bacteriophage |
|
Algae |
Chlorella |
|
Bacteria |
Prokaryotic |
4.
State whether the following statements are true or false. Explain your
statement.
a. Lactobacilli are harmful
bacteria.
b. Cell wall of fungi is made up of chitin.
c. Organ of locomotion in amoeba is pseudopodia.
d. Tomato wilt is a viral disease.
Ans:
a.Lactobacilli are harmful bacteria.- False
Reason : Lactobacilli are not harmful bacteria, in fact they are found in gastrointestinal tracts of animals
and humans. They are also an important part of dairy products such as milk,
yoghurt etc.
b. Cell wall of fungi is made up of chitin.- True
c. Organ of locomotion in amoeba is
pseudopodia.- True
d. Tomato wilt is viral disease.- True
5. Give answers.
a.
State the merits of Whittaker’s method of classification.
Ans:
1. Unicellular and multicellular organisms are kept under
separate categories.
2. Autotrophs and
heterotrophs are placed in separate groups.
3. A separate kingdom
was assigned to fungi because of its mode of nutrition.
4. It is more natural
than two kingdom classification.
5. Prokaryotes are
placed under a separate category of monera.
b.
Write the characteristics of viruses.
Ans:
1. Viruses are extremely minute smaller than bacteria
2. They are found in the form of
independent particles .Virus is a
long molecule of DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid)
3. Viruses survive only in living plant
or animal cells and produce their own
proteins
with help of host cell and create their numerous replica.
Then
the destroy the host cell and become
free. These free viruses
again infect new cells.
4. Viruses cause many diseases to plants and
animals.
c. Explain the nutrition in fungi.
Ans: These are found on decaying
organic matter and dead bodies
of plants and animals. The mode of nutrition in fungi is saprotropic and
they are called saprophytes.
d. Which living organisms are included
in the kingdom monera ?
Ans: All type of
bacteria and blue green algae are included in the kingdom Monera.
6. Who am I ?
a. I
don’t have true nucleus, cell organelles or plasma membrane.
Ans:
Monera
b. I have
nucleus and membrane bound cell orgenelles.
Ans:
Protozoa
c. I live
on decaying organic matter.
Ans:
Fungi
d. I
reproduce mainly by cell division.
Ans:
Bacteria
e. I can
produce my replica.
Ans:
Viruses
f. I am
green, but don’t have organs.
Ans: Algae
7. Draw neat and
labelled diagrams.
Different types of bacteria.
b.
Paramoecium
c.
Bacteriophage.
8.
Arrange the following in ascending order
of
size Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Algae.
Ans:
Viruses →Bacteria →Fungi→Algae