9. Disaster Management
1. Answer
the following in your own words.
a. Explain the relation between continuous rains and landslide. Give
reasons.
Ans: Due to
continuous rain in a region,
Ø the
plants and small tress of that region are uprooted from the soil.
Ø the
water enters the cracks and fissures present in hard rocks causing their
weathering.
Due to these factors, soil and rocks
run off on a slopy region. This running of soil, rocks along with other debris
is nothing but landslide. Hence, there is a strong relation between
continuous rains and landslide.
b. Prepare a chart showing ‘Do’s’ and ‘don’ts’ at the time of
earthquake.
|
Location |
Do's' |
Don'ts' |
|
At home |
Stand still near the corners of the house and sit
under the table or any wooden furniture. |
Do not run here and there and create chaos. |
|
In a vehicle or outside the house |
Park the car in an open area and sit inside it. |
Do not stand near tall buildings, trees or
electric pole. |
c. What are the specifications of
an earthquake –proof building ?
> It is
constructed a per IS 456, the code of conduct given for building
construction
By 'Indian Standard Institute'.
Ø Earthquake
resistant constructions are performed as per IS 1893 which gives the
criteria for earthquake resistant design structure.
Ø reinforced
concrete structures subjected to seismic forces.
d. Explain the effects of landslide. e. Is there
any relation between dam and earthquake ? Explain.
Ans: 1. Rivers get flooded
and change their paths.
2. Displacement of waterfalls, formation of artificial water reservoirs.
3. There is live and financial loss on a large scale, as trees,
buildings, rocks on sloppy area collapse on low-lying land.
4. Landslide affects the traffic.
5. Landslide destroys plant life on it.
e. Is there any relation between dam and earthquake ? Explain
Ans: There is
abundant water stored in the dams. This water column puts additional weight on
the ground. Initially there may not be any weight, but later due to
construction of dam, suddenly the pressure of this weight is so high that this
ground experiences the tension. If such area is already earthquake-prone, then
there can be chances of earthquake. According to theory of plate tectonics,
there are continuous movements in the earth’s surface. If over such fragile
plates, the dams are constructed then the chances of earthquake are enhanced.
2. Give
Scientific reasons.
a. It is safer to find shelter under things like a bed, table at the
time of earthquake.
Ans: In an earthquake,
most of the injuries occur because of falling or toppling
over of heavy things from above. Furnitures like bed, table will
protect you from these things falling from above. Also, it becomes very
difficult to maintain one’s balance in a quake. The crouched
position under these furnitures will reduce the chances of a
fall.
If there is complete structural collapse, it
is hoped that these furnitures increase the likelihood of a safe
pocket from which you can be rescued.
b. In monsoon, don’t take shelter near hillside.
Ans: In monsoon, there is chance of
heavy rainfall. The hillsides are prone to landslide in heavy rainfall
i.e. monsoon. So, it is never advisable to take shelter near hillsides
during monsoon as your life will be at risk as well as you may face problems
such as heavy traffic etc.
c. Don’t use lifts at the time of
earthquake.
Ans: During an earthquake, the power
supplies are cut off and you may get stuck in the elevator for long time. Also,
if the intensity of earthquake is very high, there is chance of lift car
falling to the bottom causing you severe damage, but this is very rare.
So, it is advised not to use lifts at the time of earthquake.
d. The foundation of
earthquake-proof building is separated from other land.
Ans: A seismic wave absorber layer
is laid between the ground and the foundation of earthquake resistant
building. This layer absorbs the pressure exerted by the earthquake tremors on
the side walls of the building. Due to this, the building does not shake with
the same intensity as the earth is shaking. Thus, the foundation of earthquake
building is separated from the ground so that it can withstand the
high pressure (load) exerted by the seismic waves on its sidewalls.
3. If a
crowd gathers at the place of earthquake, what would be the difficulties in
relief work ?
Ans: If a crowd gathers at the place of earthquake, following are the
difficulties faced during relief work:
Ø Hindrance
to the clearance of debris
Ø Hindrance
to the passage of ambulance carrying earthquake victims
Ø Aggravation
of fear and panic in victims
Ø Chances
of stampede and theft
Ø Quarrels
amongst people for food and other resources
4. Make a
list of the institutes and organizations who provide help for disaster
management. Collect more information
about their work.
Ans: The list of
institutes and organizations who provide help for disaster management are:
Ø National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
Ø National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Ø National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)
Ø International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)
5. Make a
survey of your school according to the plan of disaster management and write
the pointwise information.
This an activity based questions.
Kindly do it yourself. But make sure to involve the following points in your
survey:
Ø Primary information of the school: It should include information such as
name and address of the school and Head Master, total number of school staff
and name and phone numbers of school management members.
Ø School disaster management committee: Get the information of the members
involved in disaster management committee.
Ø Detailed information about school building: Note the number of rooms,
classroom, age of the building, types of roofs under this point.
Ø Information about school ground: It should include information like
distance of ground from the main road, types of play grounds.
Ø Daily routine of the school: It should include information like working
time of the school, lunch break time for the school.
Ø Possible hazards in the school: It should information such as record of
past disaster happened in school, current planning for overcoming disasters.
Ø Disaster management map of the school: It should have information
regarding all the buildings of the school, entrances and exit gates, place of
probable danger, safer place at the time of disaster.
6. Are there
any possible places of landslide in your area ? Collect information from
experts.
7. With the
help of following picture, explain your role in the disaster management.
The picture given is not very clear.
It does not indicate the condition of disaster. Therefore, there are two
alternatives for this answer.
Option 1 : The boy holds a paper on which is written, ‘I am at risk’! The boy
is shocked to read this. Someone has given message to him. He must search that
person and help him or her. He should therefore take help from some elder or
from police force in such matter.
Option 2 : The boy shown in the
picture is in danger. So, he is typing in his I – pad, “I am at Risk”. After
receiving this message, someone will help him. It depends upon, to whom is he
sending this message. If he sends this message to us, we can immediately try to
help him. His message “I am at Risk”, shows that he is in danger and has to be
saved.
It is not clear about which disaster is shown in the picture.